Nanotechnology is revolutionising the world of materials. The research and development of nanofibres has gained much prominence in recent years due to the heightened awareness of its potential applications in the medical, engineering and defence fields. Among the most successful methods for producing nanofibres is the electrospinning process. Electrospinning introduces a new level of versatility and broader range of materials into the micro/nanofibre range. An old technology, electrospinning has been rediscovered, refined, and expanded into non-textile applications. Electrospinning has the unique ability to produce ultrathin fibres from a rich variety of materials that include polymers, inorganic or organic compounds and blends. This book presents some fascinating phenomena associated with the remarkable features of nanofibres in electrospinning processes and new progress in applications of electrospun nanofibres.