This book covers a variety of topics related to the synthesis of smart nanoobjects. Among them are surface nanostructured metals with improved corrosion and wear resistance (Syrkov); the synthesis of organo-micro cycles, with emphasis on the characterisation of obtained materials by infrared spectroscopy, HPLC, and NMR analysis (El-Saied); Schiff bases metal complexes and their investigation for antibacterial and anti-fungal activity (El-Seidy); and transition metal complexes (Al-Sawaf). Nanotubes have always been positioned in the study of nanocomposites as interesting materials for application in electronics (transistors, resistors, varistors, sensors, display devices to mention just a few). This volume includes research on thin film deposition by acoustic wave atomisers (Balachova), and exfoliation of graphene from the liquid phase (Moshkalev). Continued interest in conducting polymer hydrogels have stimulated research for their application as pH sensors with sensing principles based on electroactivity (Elyashevich). Investigation of mass transfer kinetics in bifunctional matrixes is carried out with a new type of material: metal-ion exchangers (Kalinitchev). The world of nanotechnology described in this book will excite any reader, from interested students to industrial or academic professionals.