This book presents current research in the study of photofunctional hybrid materials having potential applications for current issues relating to energy and the environment. Topics discussed include: biomass energy, waste management, structural biology of protein for energy-conversion (photosynthesis), nano-biophysics (microorganisms), and organic/inorganic hybrid materials of metal oxide and porphyrin. In addition, developing ideas or examples as components for hybrid functional materials aiming at such applications are also included: metal oxide photocatalysts and bioinorganic amio-acid complexes, multi-component (photoinduced electron-transfer and photochromism) organic/inorganic hybrid materials, phototunable fluorescence hybrid systems for sensing, and metal complexes exhibiting long-life emission.