This book includes eight chapters covering recent advances in materials science research. Chapter One focuses on various sustainable isolation methods, properties, and potential applications of nanocellulose. Chapter Two covers the use of microwave irradiation in the formation of biomaterials based on calcium phosphates and their complexes with biopolymers. Chapter Three reviews the medico-biological aspects of hydroxylapatite application and its bioactive coatings. Chapter Four discusses active materials which can be integrated in food packaging to advance its functionality. Chapter Five deals with the use of temperature-programmed desorption technique to characterize the strength of amine interaction with the metal surface in palladium catalysts. Chapter Six involves the synthesis of binary copper oxide-doped cadmium oxide nanocrystals by hydrothermal technique in a basic medium. Chapter Seven concerns the synthesis of ErNbO4 samples by the sol-gel method, through the citrate route, and heat-treated at different temperatures. Finally, Chapter Eight represents and assembles the entire progress and prospect of metal-guided photochromic materials.