This volume contains eight selected chapters on recent advances in the science of biology. Chapter One explores a combined DFT and electrostatics approach to coupling biological electron and proton transfer reactions in Cytochrome c oxidase. Chapter Two reviews a new process for the detection of amyloid fibrils in the brain using unsymmetric cationic cyanine dyes. Chapter Three discusses the membrane effects of amyloid fibrils in the body via fluorescence study and computer modeling. Chapter Four updates the model of the curvature of graphitic materials through an analysis of molecular modeling studies on the spiral structure of graphene and eumelanin models. Chapter Five reviews the generation of antigen specific CD8+ T-cells by B-cells and Dendritic cells. Chapter Six provides a categorization of prophage genes in Bacillus subtilis 168 and assesses their relative impotence through RNA-seq gene expression analysis. Chapter Seven reviews the optimization of naturally occurring compounds through the click chemistry approach, giving researchers a new powerful synthetic toolbox. Chapter Eight is an overview of studying asafoetida phytoconstituents as biological inhibitors.