This book is designed for undergraduate and post-graduate agricultural science students and agricultural engineering researchers to provide a comprehensive insight into the role of digital image processing in agriculture, and its basic principles to solve agriculture issues. This book is constructed with 11 different chapters comprising an introduction to digital image processing, various applications of digital image processing, the role of image processing in the agriculture sector, an overview of fundamental digital image processing procedures, image acquisition methods appropriate for various agricultural situations, image enhancement tools for images acquired in different conditions, image segmentation methods concerned with plant and agriculture images, feature extraction techniques applicable for agricultural images, image classification or pattern recognition to solve agricultural problems, quality assessment metrics of reference and non-reference agriculturally important images and a case study on successful digital image processing application on the banana.