Agriculture has been one of the oldest and most fundamental human activities. We, the humans have been trying to enhance the agriculture yield and quality for thousands of years by inventing new techniques, development of selection based traditional breeding and updating our agricultural practices. However, in recent times, there has been an unprecedented expansion in the requirements of agricultural land, water for irrigation, fertilizers and pesticides. This has put huge stress on our environment, natural landscapes and resources. This edited book reviews the methods, techniques, applications, achievements and regulations made and adopted globally in targeted genome editing.