The bioactive components of plants comprehensively continue to represent the nutritional and functional actions for the healthy daily lives of humans. Through these components, scientists and researchers are able to promote healthy lifestyles and help people live for a long time without diseases and disorders. Recently, many beneficial health effects of plant components have been demonstrated via epidemiological surveys, experimental results and clinical evidence. This book is the eighth volume of a series that has mainly contained information concerning phytochemicals and their effects, including preventions and treatments. The chapters are divided as follows: Chapter One: Medicinal Phytochemicals and Health Effects of Patrinia scabiosaefolia Fisch (patrinia, bai jiang cao); Chapter Two: Furanocoumarins from the Genus Ficus: Occurrence, Analysis, Health and Toxic Properties; Chapter 3: Neuroprotective Effects of a Water-Soluble Extract from the Culture Mediums of Lentinus edodes and Ganoderma lucidum Mycelia: The Possible Reduction Mechanism of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress through Antioxidation; and Chapter Four: The Phytochemicals and their Health Benefits of Moringa oleifera Lam (Family: Moringaceae). These chapters will provide more advanced information to researches for the development of new nutraceutical drug designs.