In chapter one, Zhenggang Xiong and Liqiong Liu discuss their perception of the genetic alterations of gliomas and the biomarkers that can be used for classification, individualised treatment, and predicting prognosis of gliomas. Next, Norma Angélica Moy-López, Nadia Yanet Cortés-Álvarez, César Rubén Vuelvas-Olmos, María Fernanda Pinto-González, Jorge Guzmán-Muñiz, Jorge Luis Collás-Aguilar and Oscar P. Gonzalez-Perez concentrate on the effect of exposure to maternal HFD and obesity on offspring neurodevelopment in chapter two. In chapter three, Alan J. Pearce abridges current studies engaging techniques such as electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Pierce addresses the advantages of using these techniques and how these techniques can be employed. In chapter four, Rocio Gomez-Herreros, Isabel Melguizo-Moya, M. Esther Sanchez-Garcia, and M. Asuncion Navarro-Puerto review dementia with Lewy bodies together with the diagnostic approach. Isabel Melguizo-Moya, M. Asunción Navarro-Puerto, Rocío Gómez-Herreros, and M. Esther Sánchez-García discuss late-onset systemic lupus erythematosus and the importance of an altered therapeutic approach in chapter five. After, brain mapping, intra-operative advanced cortical and subcortical mapping, and mapping stimulation protocols currently in use in the Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-oncology at King’s College Hospital are presented by Christian Brogna, MD, PhD, Noemia Pereira, Eduardo C. Ribas, MD, PhD, Holly Jones, Francesco Vergani, MD, PhD, Sanjeev Bassi, Keyoumars Ashkan, and Ranjeev Bhangoo. In chapter seven, María de la Luz Arenas-Sordo, MD, PhD, Carlos P. Viñals-Labañino, MD, Laura L. Flores-García, MD, and Elsa Alvarado Solorio, MD present findings from a study group at the Pediatric Rehabilitation Department of the Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitacion. Moving on, chapter eight by M. Esther Sanchez-Garcia, M. Asuncion Navarro-Puerto, Isabel Melguizo-Moya, and Rocio Gomez-Herreros discusses Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) and the neurological complications that may arise from it. Synji De Paula Mulatiere, Mª Eugenia Gutiérrez Marco, Carmen Moret-Tatay, and Mª José Beneyto Arrojo wrap up the book with a discussion of the concept of resilience in chapter nine.