Mladenka Pestorić, Ph.D., Bojana Filipčev, Ph.D., Aleksandra Mišan, Ph.D., Olivera Šimurina, Ph.D. explore modern traditional and genomic breeding methods as they apply to medicinal and aromatic plants. They go on to discuss participatory crop breeding, the significance of genomic tools, and traditional methods of selection throughout Chapter One. In Chapter Two, Jelena Vladica, Senka Vidovica, Milica Acimovicb, Aleksandra Gavarica, and Stela Jokicc discuss the properties and uses of medicinal herbs, especially Satureja montana L, noting the way its chemical composition has large inconsistencies that make it difficult to produce products from it. Next, Senka Vidovic, Katarina Savikin, Milica Acimovic, Jelena Vladic, Nada Cujic, Aleksandra Gavaric, and Teodora Jankovic present insight on Aronia (also known as chokeberry) in Chapter Three, mainly deliberating on its cultivation, phytochemical properties, health effects and applications, and challenges of use. Similary, Aleksandra Gavarica, Stela Jokicb, Maja Molnarb, Senka Vidovica, Jelena Vladica, and Milica Acimovicc present a review on Helichrysum in Chapter Four. Chapter Five by Maria Andreza Freitas Martins, Melise Pessôa Araújo, and Jesus Rodrigues Lemos offers a study intending to identify the diversity of native and exotic vegetables in Baixa da Carnaúba backyards in Parnaíba, PI. In Chapter Six, Mladenka Pestorić, Ph.D., Bojana Filipčev, Ph.D., Aleksandra Mišan, Ph.D., and Olivera Šimurina, Ph.D. discuss the propensity for medicinal plants to be used in cereal based product production to combat metabolic disorders. Following this, Chapter Seven by Jorge Izaquiel Alves de Siqueira, Edna Maria Ferreira Chaves, and Jesus Rodrigues Lemos introduce a study aiming to detect medicinal plants in agroforestry yards in Franco, Cocal, Piauí. Usman Ali Ashfaq and Quratul ain Tariq provide an overview of the gram positive aerobic bacterium Staphylococcus in Chapter Eight. Lastly, Chapter Nine by Anuradha Singh and Anamika Singh elaborates on the biochemical aspects of Tulsi, a medicinal plant worshipped in India as holy.