In this book, the authors present a number of review articles on topics from various subfields of condensed matter and statistical mechanics which have been recently, or currently are, the focus of intense activity, most of which have cross-disciplinary implications to other domains of science. The chapters are divided into three large classes of studies, namely: (i) systems whose evolutions are dominated by, or are essentially the effect of, fluctuations; (ii) driven systems in which the way to dissipate driving forces is relevant; (iii) systems in which disorder in the interactions induce highly non-trivial dynamics leading naturally to questions of (computational) complexity.