Learning as used here, refers to concerted activity that increases the capacity and willingness of individuals, groups, organisations and communities to acquire and productively apply new knowledge and skills, to grow and mature and to adapt successfully to changes and challenges. Such learning empowers individuals and organisations to make wise choices, solve problems and break new ground. In particular, it is sustainable, it is a lifelong, renewable process for people and for the institutions that serves people. Learning certainly includes academic studies and occupational training through high school and beyond but also encompasses the physical, cognitive, emotional and social development of children in the earliest years of their lives. This book presents new research in this explosive field.