This book focuses on rebuilding Iraq's oil sector which is crucial to rebuilding Iraq's economy. Oil export revenues account for over half of Iraq's gross domestic product and over 90 percent of government revenues. Despite 4 years of effort and $2.7 billion in U.S. reconstruction funds, Iraqi oil output has consistently fallen below U.S. program goals. This book addresses the U.S. goals for Iraq's oil sector and progress in achieving these goals, key challenges the U.S. government faces in helping Iraq restore its oil sector and efforts to enact and implement hydrocarbon legislation. This book also reviews the package of legislation currently under consideration, analyses the positions of various Iraqi political actors, and discusses potential implications for U.S. foreign policy goals in Iraq.