Type I diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune, inflammatory disease, incurable up to date. This book reviews and discusses the progress on environmental triggers and endogenous alarmins linking innate immunity to the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. The potential anti-inflammatory treatments for T1D evaluated in several models of the disease are also examined. In addition, while many individual therapies provide partial protection against the development of autoimmune diabetes, recently developed multicomponent vaccine strategies hold promise for restoration of euglycemia and more durable maintenance of immunological homeostasis. This book discusses mechanisms underlying the onset and development of type I diabetes and assesses individual and multicomponent immunosuppression strategies. The T1D associated genes that have been replicated in different populations are also analysed, and whether they could lead to the genetic diagnosis. Other chapters in this book examine the role of physical activity, insulin therapy and dietary management in the treatment of type I diabetes. Aspects of type I diabetes management in children is also reviewed, including current treatment options available, insulin regiments and insulin delivery methods, and structures and mechanism of action of the new insulin analogues.