Nanotechnology is the study of the controlling of matter on an atomic and molecular scale, ranging from extensions of conventional device physics to completely new approaches based upon molecular self-assembly. This book gathers and presents data on nanotechnology, including optical properties of nanocrystalline gallium nitride films; rare earth gadolinium nanoparticle; STM-based nanopatterning of silicon particle films; Troponin T and metal nanoparticles in catalysis.