This compilation presents original study results on the leading edge of neuroscience research. Each article has been carefully selected in an attempt to present substantial research results across a broad spectrum. Included in this volume is on the role of central nervous system grey matter in the immunopathology of multiple sclerosis; transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in migraine therapy; cognitive plasticity; interhemispheric pathways in speech processing; grey matter changes in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and the effects of chronic psychosocial isolation on limbic brain structures of wistar rats.