This book presents current research in the field of physics, with a particular focus on atomic molecular and optical physics, as well as cryogenics and photonic crystals. Topics discussed include pulse structuring in laser-light dynamics; excitation of atoms and ions by electron impact; Fiber Bragg Gratings and their applications as temperature and humidity sensors; liquid oxygen magnetohydrodynamics; cryogenic treatment and fatigue resistance; cryogenic grinding; fabrication and applications of polymer photonic crystals; physics of photonic crystal couplers and their applications and a photonic band gap for quasicrystal-related structures.