The modern building materials science, along with the constructional characteristics of materials, includes the theoretical concepts, allowing to predict properties of materials and to operate them actively. The theoretical concepts of construction materials science are based on the complex of the physical and chemical, geological-mineralogical and other sciences studying a structure and properties of material objects. Construction materials science is inseparably connected with technology of materials and products, methodology of their quality indicators and testing. This book discusses how scientific and technical progress actively affects the development of construction materials science.