It is now known that the brain is actually capable of changing and developing throughout a lifetime. Our mental capacity is astonishingly large, and our ability to process widely varied information and complex new experiences with relative ease can often be surprising. The brains ability to act and react in ever-changing ways is known as neuroplasticity. Decades of research have now shown that these changes can profoundly alter the pattern of neuronal activation in response to experience. According to the theory of neuroplasticity, thinking, learning, acting and hearing can change both the brain's physical structure and functional organisation according to the peripheral stimuli. This book reviews the latest knowledge on the neuroplasticity in the auditory brainstem: from physiology to the drug therapy.