Riparian zones encompass the stream channel and the adjacent portion of the terrestrial landscape from the high water mark toward the uplands, where vegetation might be influenced by elevated water tables or flooding. In this book, the authors present topical research in the study of the protection, restoration and ecological benefits of riparian zones. Topics discussed in this compilation include fire regimes, sand structure, fuel loads and fire behaviour in riparian forests of the Sierra Nevada Mountains, USA; the ecological and socio-economic stakes for conserving and protecting riparian forests in West Africa; ground water chemistry under riparian zones; and protection of riparian landscapes in Israel.