This book presents original research results on the leading edge of chemistry research. Each article has been carefully selected in an attempt to present substantial research results across a broad spectrum. Topics discussed include quantum chemical research of the electronic structure and reactivity of nitric acid; furan chemistry and structure application; polyethylene glycol in metal-mediated catalysis; water chemistry research; membrane and membrane reactor technologies for COx purification of gaseous streams; docking of antischistosomal natural products with relevant protein targets; biosynthesis of propionic acid by anaerobic processes; and the analysis of bamboo-carbonized liquid.