Hematite is the mineral form of iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3), one of several iron oxides. In this book, the authors present current research in the study of the sources, properties and applications of hematite. Topics discussed include nanostructured hematite for solar driven hydrogen generation; reactions at the hematite surface with Fe(II) and environmental contaminants; the catalytic properties of sulphated hematite in toluene disproportionation; hematite nanotubes and nanorings; and the synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic property of nanostructured hematite.