This compilation presents original study results on the leading edge of neuroscience research. Each article has been carefully selected in an attempt to present substantial research results across a broad spectrum. Included in this volume are study results on the role of injured nerve-derived COX2/PGE2/EP signalling in the genesis of neuropathic pain; cannabinoid receptor- and metabotropic glutamate receptor-mediated signalling in neural circuits of the main olfactory bulb; cell replacement therapy in neuromuscular and neurodegenerative diseases; nociceptive circuitry in the anterior cingulate cortex in rodents; effects of hearing aid amplification on phase coherence of cortical auditory event-related potentials; thermal response of a motoneuron cluster; anterior cingulate cortex as a monitoring attentional system and its novel role in the unawareness of Alzheimer's disease; the role of rat anterior cingulate cortex in signal detection; distractor interference in visual motor tasks; and nervous excitability dynamics in a multisensory syndrome and its similitude with normals.