On 30 January 2014, President Barack Obama directed Vice President Joseph Biden to lead a Government-wide review of Federal programs in the workforce and training system to ensure they are designed to equip the nation's workers with skills matching the needs of employers looking to hire. The review culminated in an action plan to make the system more job-driven, integrated, and effective. To inform the development of the action plan, agencies were asked to summarise the evidence on adult and youth job training strategies and programs to "determine what information is lacking and identify future research and evaluation that can be undertaken to ensure the Federal programs invest in effective practices". This book, prepared by the Secretaries of Labor, Commerce, Education and Health and Human Services, with input from several other Federal agencies and staff, presents the results of that evidence summary.