Cardiovascular disease refers to the class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels. While the term technically refers to any disease that affects the cardiovascular system, it is usually used to refer to those related to atherosclerosis. Chronic heart failure (CHF) has emerged as a major worldwide epidemic. This book gathers the latest research in cardiovascular disease with a focus on such topics as cardiac thrombus quantification in clinical practice; aspartate protease cathepsin D in liver and heart injury, pathophysiology and therapy; hypertension, arterial stiffness and cardiovascular outcomes; fractional flow reserve is an essential measure for the management of patients with stable coronary artery disease; arterial stiffness and vascular calcifications in chronic kidney disease patients; the clinical application of coronary flow velocity reserve by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography; management of right heart failure; short QT syndrome; new horizons in preventing graft arterial disease; and associations between cathepsin B and inflammation markers in elderly males and females.