Medicaid is a significant expenditure for the federal government and the states, with total federal outlays of $310 billion in fiscal year 2014. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) reported an estimated $17.5 billion in potentially improper payments for the Medicaid program in 2014. This book identifies and analyses indicators of improper or potentially fraudulent payments in fiscal year 2011, and examines the extent to which federal and state oversight policies, controls, and processes are in place to prevent and detect fraud and abuse in determining eligibility.