Water is a foundational element of development and by its nature, a basic and essential resource. A great challenge confronts certain regions, nations and individuals in the world in the form of having enough sustainable water. As discussed in this book, the US Agency for International Development’s (USAID) strategy presents a guide to investments in water programming and sanitation efforts, informs country development strategies, guides decision making on budgeting and resource allocation, and highlights priority regions and areas for water programs. The book describes recent activities and funding, assesses USAID missions’ efforts to plan and implement activities, and assesses USAID’s monitoring of activities.