Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common autosomal recessive disorders in the Caucasian population with an estimated incidence of 1 in 2,500 childbirths. While this disease affects several organ systems of the body, morbidity and mortality is chiefly related to the extent of pulmonary involvement. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common idiopathic interstitial disease of the lung of unknown etiology with a median survival time of about 3 years. IPF occurs mainly in men older than 60 years who have comorbidities such as pulmonary hypertension, COPD, lung cancer, gastro-esophageal reflux, ischemic heart disease and obstructive sleep apnoea. This book provides current research on risk factors of CF and IPF, as well as management options and long-term health outcomes of the disorders.