Digital Signal Processing is not a recent research field, but has become a powerful technology to solve engineering problems in the last few decades due to the introduction of the Digital Signal Processor by Texas Instruments in 1982. Having fast digital signal processors has rapidly become an essential part of high-performing electrical drives, where power electronic conversions systems require intense online computations loads and must be controlled with the use of complex control algorithms. This book covers innovative research and development in the digital signal processing field including communication engineering, image processing and power conversion system. The huge advances made in digital circuit integration over the past 10 years has fostered the development of massive parallel architectures for activities that have not been done using traditional parallel paradigms. Powerful processing units can now be found in personal computers and even consumer and mobile devices. These processing units compose of hundreds and even thousands of processing elements. Therefore, this book portrays the self-organizing architectures for digital signal processing. Capturing the entire amplitude and phase of signals with the use of coherent optical detection leads to the implementation of powerful compensation and effective mitigation of impairments in transmission, with the use of digital signal processing in the electrical domain. This presents itself as one of the most viable techniques for next-generation optical communication networks, which try to approach the Shannon capacity limit. This book will focus on the introduction and investigation of digital signal processing employed for channel impairments compensation based on the coherent detection of optical signals, to provide a roadmap for the design and implementation of real-time optical fiber communication systems. The book also covers recent advances in DSP techniques for mode division multiplexing optical networks with MIMO equalization. It also takes a critical look on the progress of Doppler ultrasound system design and architecture. Overall, the book covers a wide range of applications in which the implementation of high-performance systems to meet rigorous requirements and concert constraints is getting increasing consideration both in the industrial and academic frameworks. The book will appeal to students, engineers, as well as researchers in the area of digital signal processing and related fields.