This volume contains ten chapters, each of which describes a recent advancement in health and disease. Chapter One aims to discuss various molecules proposed as potential disease biomarkers of biliary atresia in the recent past along with their strengths and weaknesses. Chapter Two provides an up-to-date review of the main metabolic pathways involved with the beneficial effects attributed to HIIT in the white adipose tissue, brown adipose tissue, liver, heart, and pancreas of rodent models. Chapter Three examines nine cases of motor neuron disease associated with frontotemporal dementia. Chapter Four explores the functional diversity of the endoplasmic reticulum, the largest endo-membrane organelle that exerts a central role in cellular functions. Chapter Five reviews the evolution of COVID-19, caused by the virus SARS-CoV2, as a threat to the health care system worldwide. Chapter Six deals with therapeutic apheresis and/or monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of haemolytic uremic syndrome in view of pathophysiologic aspects. Chapter Seven deals with the concept of health literacy in the digital era. Chapter Eight reviews the clinical and pathologic features of sarcoid myopathy. Chapter Nine examines the outbreaks of yersiniosis during the years 2010-2020, the pathogenicity of Y. enterocolitica as well as the clinical symptoms of the infection in humans. Lastly, Chapter Ten provides a clinicopathologic review of focal myositis, a rare disorder first described in 1977 by Heffner and colleagues.