The aim of this book, The Innate Immune System in Health and Disease: From the Lab Bench Work to Its Clinical Implications. Volume 2, is to provide updated information to scientists and clinicians that is valuable in their quest to gather information, carry out new investigations, or to check on clinical implications of the innate immune system function during disease. This book is of high priority to people interested in an update on innate immunity. Volume 2 examines topics such as the participation of the innate immune system in homeostasis and in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases, the innate immune response and its modulation by sex hormones during chronic lung inflammation, and asthma beyond adaptive immunity. Moreover, the role of TLRS during arthritis rheumatoid onset and development is discussed as well as the modulation of the innate immune system by extracellular vesicles. Furthermore, a novel strategy to interrupt the transmission of diseases by mosquitoes and the modulation of the innate immune system by the endocrine disrupting compounds bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates are discussed. The Innate Immune System in Health and Disease: From the Lab Bench Work to its Clinical Implications. Volume 2 promises to be a must-have book for all people who want to know about the role of the basic functioning of the innate immune system in several diseases of actual relevance to human health.