While women have gained a more prominent role in employment over the past several decades, more work still needs to be done to achieve equality between the sexes. This volume includes five chapters addressing the issues faced by women in the workplace from several perspectives. Chapter One explores the health, social, workplace and financial barriers and facilitators to working beyond state pensionable age in a predominantly female workforce. Chapter Two analyzes gender differences at work such as women's participation in specific working sectors and management positions as well as access to paid work and health services, differences in salaries and working areas and patterns of morbidity among male and female workers. Chapter Three explores selected demographic outcomes, namely the core indicators of fertility, mortality and reproductive health, according to employment status of Syrian refugee women in Turkey. Chapter Four addresses questions of the meaning of equal opportunity in the emerging world of work, its relevancy, and whether equality is even possible. Finally, Chapter Five deals with the issue of work-life balance for female entrepreneurs and mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic.