A wide range of Yiddish newspapers and magazines appeared in Poland during the Second Republic. There was also a Jewish press in Polish, which was concentrated in the urban centers of Warsaw, Krakow and Lemberg. It was widespread within a secularized, Jewish-bourgeois class and among representatives of the intelligentsia, who were Polonized, but felt obliged to nationally Zionist ideas Polonität , in which the rejection of assimilation was combined with national loyalty, civic equality with cultural difference. In this draft, Jewish traditions in Poland were interwoven with national traditions of Poland and interpreted as a common struggle for freedom and democracy. This open nation concept could be understood as a communicative bridge between Jewish and non-Jewish Poles at a time when Jews were confronted with strong tendencies towards exclusion from Polish society. In this respect, the Jewish-Polish press with its draft of a "Jewish polonity" proves to be a mediator on the border between Polish and Jewish culture.