The integration of the Galician rural population into the Polish and Ruthenian-Ukrainian nation at the end of the 19th century is the subject of this study. She explores the question of how national identifications spread and how national publics, associations and parties broke through the isolation of the village communities. The connection between the social interests of the peasantry and the acceptance of national identification offers is shown on a broad source basis. Ethnic-cultural concepts that declared the peasants to be the basis of national existence, but at the same time excluded the Jews, met with particular resonance here. National integration of the peasants and the social exclusion of the Jews were thus closely linked.