Trust in scientific progress is high these days. But what does progress mean? Are we progressing to a better time or just from a former time? The difference is a matter of alignment. The book is therefore dedicated to the question of how scientific endeavors in psychology can be given order. Two perspectives are taken: First, philosophy looks at the possibility of a theoretical psychology with regard to anthropological and epistemological prerequisites, then experimental psychology looks at the possibility of good theory formation. The third part of the book is an attempt at a synthesis in which the philosophical-psychological perspective pluralism is proposed as a program to critically accompany the directions in which the discipline is progressing.