The topic of this yearbook of religious education takes up a fundamental concern of religious didactics and at the same time a central challenge that arises from the current religious situation for religious education: the increasing individualization and pluralization of religion and religiosity, which is often regarded as a signature of our time. What exactly is to be understood by subject orientation in terms of religious didactics and school pedagogy? What understanding of the subject is assumed here? In which dimensions and aspects must the subject orientation be substantiated? Where can this actually succeed under today's conditions in practice? Such questions necessarily affect different views of religion and religiosity, but also of non-religious beliefs, since religious instruction according to today's understanding should by no means only be open to members of the church. The volume offers different possibilities of how a subject-oriented exploration of religion and religiosity can look like. Here, proven models such as correlation didactics and elementarization are put to the test and even less common ways are presented, for example of finding a form for religion in religious education and supporting religious language skills.