This book documents experiences by those at the forefront of technical support and capacity development. The experiences and lessons learned all originate from technical support and capacity development provided in Asia, Africa and Latin America through the UNAIDS Technical Support Facilities on these continents. The case studies in this book range from very practical experiences on how capacity building was carried out with local consultants working on harm reduction for injecting drug users in Indonesia, to the analysis of capacity building needs in relation to the Global Fund supported programs and the documentation of a successful South-South co-operation initiative involving countries in Latin America and Africa. This is the result of a writeshop in which the authors put on paper the various innovations and approaches they have used, and which can be adapted or adopted by countries, individuals and organisations working in the field of HIV to strengthen national HIV and AIDS responses.