Nowadays, an interest in organic farming is increasing in many countries. In this specific farming system use of synthetic fertilizers and chemical plant protection measures is forbidden. The limitation of pests, diseases and weeds is provided by agricultural practices which create a beneficial condition of canopy and soil, such as crop rotation, fine and careful tillage, organic fertilization, date and density of sowing as well as mechanical, biological and physical methods of plant protection. This book reviews advances in breeding techniques, including with their application to cultivate drought-resistant and other upgraded varieties. So, this book starts with a focus on the suitability of different winter and spring wheat varieties for cultivation in organic farming. The aim of the chapter is to compare the yields of several winters and spring wheat varieties cultivated in organic and conventional crop production systems to identify the causes of yield differentiation in these systems. Further, it focuses on wheat growing and quality in organic farming. A plant's health depends primarily on preventive measures, which can mean the creation of optimum conditions for growth, prevention against stressors, and the taking into account of the natural tolerance to plant competitors. Several diseases occur not because of poor growing conditions, but because of an imbalance between the plant and the environmental conditions; this can lead to an imbalance in the metabolism processes, and the attraction of insects, fungal and bacterial diseases. Additionally, the book lays emphasis on Durum wheat quality, yield and sanitary status under conservation agriculture. It succeedingly focuses on the effect of phosphorus on root signaling of wheat under different water regimes, approaches to enhance salt stress tolerance in wheat, evaluation of spring wheat adaptation to soil drought during seedlings growth stage, and turnover of minerals and organics in the postharvest herbage of annuals and perennials. This book further goes on to winter wheat response to weed control and residual herbicides and comparison of herbicides for control of diclofop-resistant Italian ryegrass in wheat. The book further aims to identify the sources and donors of resistance to stem rust, including the race Ug99, from the collection of VIR and “Arsenal” collection, and to create on their basis, the initial material of spring and winter wheat with durable resistance to stem rust. Moreover, it addresses the development and use of molecular markers for yield enhancement in wheat. Since their key goal for breeding is to maximize yield, intensive efforts are created toward the advance of yield. Agronomic traits related to yield, yield-related, disease resistance, and abiotic stresses are considered to be quantitative traits (QTLs), also known as complex traits, because they are controlled by numerous genes and are affected by environmental factors. There are huge challenges facing wheat storage, that is the most vital crop living. Wheat is one of the most famous and important plants in human history. There is no country in the world that does not give up wheat yields. Countries of the planet vary and disagree in their production and consumption of that necessary plant. Since precedent days, humans have hold on wheat grain in special places. It is hoped that this book will serve to students, practitioners, scientists, and engineers as well as for those who are involved in the area of agriculture.