Geochemistry is the science that uses the tools and principles of chemistry to explain the mechanisms behind major geological systems such as the Earth's crust and its oceans. The realm of geochemistry extends beyond the Earth, encompassing the entire Solar System and has made important contributions to the understanding of a number of processes including mantle convection, the formation of planets and the origins of granite and basalt. The Earth is part of a closely related family of heavenly bodies, our Solar System, that formed simultaneously. Hence, the realm of geochemistry extends beyond the Earth to encompass the entire Solar System. The goals of geochemistry are thus no different from those of other fields of earth science; just the approach differs. The contributions of geochemistry to this advance have been simply enormous. Geochemists study the composition, structure, processes, and other physical aspects of the Earth. They examine the distribution of chemical elements in rocks and minerals, as well as the movement of these elements into soil and water systems. There is a wealth of information buried in the liquids, gases, and mineral deposits of rock. Understanding the chemical composition of rocks tells oil companies where to drill for oil; enables scientists to put together broad-based theories about the way the Earth is changing; helps environmental management companies decide how to dispose of a toxic or hazardous substance; and steers mining companies toward use of natural resources with a minimum. This book brings together the knowledge from a variety of topics within the field of geochemistry. The audience for the book consists of a multitude of scientists such as physicists, geologists, technologists, petroleum engineers, volcanologists, geochemists and government agencies.