The twentieth century saw heightened tension between religious and secular approaches to education. In this era of cataclysmic social change, Mutahhari presented this Islamic perspective on training and education, using his signature approach of applying traditional Islamic sources to contemporary questions. Although, in this time, rote learning was prized, Mutahhari emphasised the importance of critical thinks skills. He also emphasised education outside of the classroom, such as learning through work. Taking a hilistic perspective, he discussed the importance of spiritual and moral traning, worship as a means of personal development, and the importance of developing self-esteem. Although deliver in the 1970s, these lectures remain essential reading for anyone in training or education.