Ayatollah Ja‘far Subhani was born in Tabriz, Iran in 1929. A prominent Twelver Shi‘i marja‘ and theologian, he has taken an active role as a leader and lecturer in the seminary (hawzah). He has emphasised the role of reason in addressing theological questions, as well as the importance of grappling with contemporary challenges. A prolific researcher, he has written on subjects such as jurisprudence, principles of jurisprudence, exegesis of the Qur’an, theology, philosophy, and history. Among his translated works include The Message and Doctrines of Shi‘i Islam: A Compendium of Imami Beliefs and Practices.