Judaism is a permanent, God-willed provocation for Christianity. So that this is not forgotten in everyday theological business, the author investigates three central questions: What does a relationship between church and synagogue look like that takes the differences in self-understanding seriously and yet is shaped by a brotherly and sisterly spirit? How can the teaching of Jesus Christ unfold in such a way that Jewish inquiries are received constructively? What role must the land and state of Israel play in a Christian theology of Israel? Three highly explosive topics that are unfolded in a generally understandable manner through theological analyzes and virtual dialogues. A book that is stimulating for theologians and non-theologians alike.