Volume 29 begins with a focus on Aeromonas species, Gram-negative rods belonging to the family Aeromonadaceae. Next, the authors discuss the implications of gut microbiota in children with autism spectrum disorders, assessing the hypothesis that there is a relationship between emotional state and gut microbe abundance through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. The many ways mitochondrial functions are compromised in the diseased state of the kidney are explored, targeting mitochondrial quality control as a promising therapeutic option for treating kidney dysfunctions. Continuing, this compilation aims to set a new path for vaping through electronic cigarette or vaping associated lung injury analysis in terms of use, regulation and research. One study attempts to explore parents' perceptions of cerebral palsy, particularly the implications of cerebral palsy on the family in Italy. Following this, the authors report on the role of the registered nurse advanced practitioner and registered nurses in the initiation, development and structuring of a child/family-centered pediatric neurosurgery healthcare system. The concluding review focuses on tumor lysis syndrome, a high mortality complication accompanied by metabolic disorders seen after massive cell destruction as a result of spontaneous or cytotoxic treatment.