This book compares and contrasts the administration of the Post-9/11 Veterans Educational Assistance Act of 2008 —enacted as Title V of the Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2008 —and Federal Pell Grants, as authorized by Title IV-A-1 of the Higher Education Act (HEA). The Post-9/11 GI Bill provides educational assistance payments to eligible servicemembers and veterans, and their dependents. One of its primary objectives is readjustment of veterans to civilian life and the workforce. The federal Pell Grant program provides grant aid payments to eligible and financially needy undergraduate students, regardless of military service record. One of its primary objectives is to increase postsecondary education access of low-income individuals. This book investigates whether the administrative processes supporting Pell Grants can provide lessons for achieving more timely, efficient, and student-friendly administration of the Post-9/11 GI Bill, thus ensuring that it achieves its policy objectives with respect to educational achievement of the target population. Furthermore, the book examines the extent of overpayments made in the Post-9/11 GI Bill; how effectively VA has addressed their causes; and the effectiveness of VA’s collection efforts.