Irrigation is the method in which water is supplied to plants at regular intervals for agriculture. It is used to assist in the growing of agricultural crops, maintenance of landscapes, and revegetation of disturbed soils in dry areas and during periods of inadequate rainfall. Gardeners use hoses and sprinklers to water flowerbeds, vegetable gardens and lawns. This is irrigation at its most basic. Large scale irrigation is where market gardeners, farmers, orchardists and grape growers apply water at critical times to assist plant growth and therefore produce quality crops. Irrigation and drainage is artificial application of water to land and artificial removal of excess water from land, respectively. The amount of water that is to be used for irrigation depends on the type of crop that is being farmed as well as the amount of rainfall in the region. There are some countries where water is used for irrigating land more than it is used for other purposes. In the US, about one-third of the water that is utilised each year is used for irrigation. Worldwide, it is more than half. Some land requires irrigation or drainage before it is possible to use it for any agricultural production; other land profits from either practice to increase production. Some land, of course, does not need either. The sustainability of irrigation and drainage in the face of many variants and constraints like availability of water as a resource, ecological balance, sociocultural impacts, and climate change effects lies in the strategies adopted and systems emplaced. It has always remained a challenge for the users of irrigation waters to maintain sustainability in quality and quantity. Irrigation and drainage improvements are not necessarily mutually exclusive. Often both may be required together to assure sustained, high-level production of crops. Irrigation and Drainage - Sustainable Strategies and Systems aims to discover frontiers of knowledge in coining sustainable approaches and structures directly needed in managing the quality and quantity of water obligatory for crop irrigation, surface and root zone drainage and flood management by available tools of research and development.